Term limits and environmental treaty participation, 1970-2011
|
| Dependent variable: |
| |
| OLS | OLS | Poisson | Poisson |
| MEAs | MEAs | MEAs + BEAs | MEAs + BEAs | MEAs | MEAs | MEAs + BEAs | MEAs + BEAs |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
|
Term limit | -0.374*** | -0.324* | -0.388** | -0.369* | -0.054*** | -0.045** | -0.055*** | -0.045 |
| (0.142) | (0.179) | (0.168) | (0.222) | (0.019) | (0.022) | (0.021) | (0.028) |
Real GDP/capita (log) | 0.469*** | -0.156 | 0.512*** | -0.473* | 0.069*** | -0.068* | 0.080*** | -0.101** |
| (0.066) | (0.230) | (0.081) | (0.283) | (0.009) | (0.035) | (0.010) | (0.041) |
Change in real GDP/capita (pct.) | 0.005** | 0.001 | 0.006*** | 0.003 | 0.0003 | -0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) | (0.0003) |
Experience with democracy | -0.007*** | -0.030 | -0.003 | -0.052* | -0.001*** | -0.004 | -0.0004 | -0.007* |
| (0.002) | (0.025) | (0.002) | (0.029) | (0.0002) | (0.004) | (0.0003) | (0.004) |
Disasters in prior 3 years (log) | -0.123*** | -0.132** | 0.031 | -0.236** | -0.011* | -0.015** | 0.008 | -0.028*** |
| (0.047) | (0.058) | (0.062) | (0.102) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.010) |
Resource rents (pct. of GDP) | -0.020** | 0.066*** | -0.013 | 0.067*** | -0.006*** | 0.007*** | -0.005*** | 0.007*** |
| (0.009) | (0.016) | (0.010) | (0.018) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) |
XRCOMP | 0.455*** | 0.375** | 0.346** | 0.412** | 0.072*** | 0.042 | 0.067*** | 0.042 |
| (0.151) | (0.186) | (0.168) | (0.206) | (0.022) | (0.026) | (0.023) | (0.027) |
PARCOMP | 0.132* | -0.197** | 0.039 | -0.255** | 0.018* | -0.026* | 0.005 | -0.033** |
| (0.077) | (0.094) | (0.086) | (0.109) | (0.010) | (0.015) | (0.011) | (0.016) |
IGO memberships | 0.033*** | 0.003 | 0.027*** | -0.010 | 0.003*** | -0.001 | 0.002*** | -0.003** |
| (0.004) | (0.011) | (0.005) | (0.013) | (0.0004) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
Executive right | -0.137 | 0.056 | -0.090 | -0.060 | -0.010 | 0.007 | -0.001 | -0.006 |
| (0.118) | (0.129) | (0.136) | (0.161) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.016) | (0.017) |
Executive left | -0.155 | 0.103 | -0.116 | 0.006 | -0.022 | -0.005 | -0.019 | -0.021 |
| (0.118) | (0.126) | (0.140) | (0.156) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.017) | (0.018) |
CSO repression | 0.253*** | 0.046 | 0.266*** | 0.074 | 0.038*** | 0.021 | 0.040*** | 0.030** |
| (0.060) | (0.085) | (0.074) | (0.106) | (0.008) | (0.013) | (0.009) | (0.015) |
Presidential democracy | 0.125 | -0.348 | 0.257* | -0.071 | 0.028** | 0.033 | 0.044*** | 0.069 |
| (0.106) | (0.303) | (0.138) | (0.325) | (0.013) | (0.044) | (0.015) | (0.045) |
Leader age | -0.004 | 0.004 | 0.0001 | 0.007 | -0.001 | -0.0004 | -0.0003 | 0.0001 |
| (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
Female | -0.022 | -0.211 | -0.103 | -0.370 | 0.004 | -0.016 | -0.001 | -0.017 |
| (0.171) | (0.194) | (0.199) | (0.265) | (0.022) | (0.024) | (0.024) | (0.027) |
|
Country dummies? | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
Observations | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 | 2,053 |
R2 | 0.959 | 0.972 | 0.948 | 0.961 | | | | |
Adjusted R2 | 0.958 | 0.969 | 0.947 | 0.958 | | | | |
Log Likelihood | | | | | -4,498.715 | -4,305.210 | -4,762.534 | -4,554.707 |
Akaike Inf. Crit. | | | | | 9,101.430 | 8,898.421 | 9,629.067 | 9,397.415 |
|
*p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01 |
Note: Robust (HC1) standard errors in parentheses. |
Year dummies included but omitted from table output. |